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Git

Branches​

Create branch​

git branch branchName

Delete branch​

git branch -D branchName

List branches​

git branch

Merge target branch with current​

git merge targetBranchName

Useful options:

  • --abort aborts the merge process and reconstructs the pre-merge state (if the merge has not been committed yet and there is a merge conflict).
  • --ff resolves the merge as a fast-forward if possible. Merge commit is not created. Used by default.
  • --no-ff creates a merge commit in all cases, even when the merge could instead be resolved as a fast-forward.
  • -m msg sets the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in case one is created).

Move to branch​

git checkout branchName

Push local branch not existent in the remote repo​

git push --set-upstream origin localBranchName

Change remote's URL from HTTPS to SSH​

git remote set-url origin git@github.com:USERNAME/REPOSITORY.git

Cherry-pick​

Apply a commit from one branch to a different one.

Find commit id.

git log

Switch to target branch and apply changes.

git checkout branch
git cherry-pick commitID
note
  • id1..idN merges several commits, from id1 to idN.
  • If the name of a branch is passed instead of a commit id the last commit of that branch is selected.
  • -x adds source commit id to commit message.

Create release tag​

# Create a Lightweight or an Annotated tag (tagName cannot contain spaces).
# Lightweight tag.
git tag tagName
# Annotated tag.
git tag -a tagName -m 'tagMessage'
# Transfer tag to remote server.
git push -u origin tagName
note

Appears as tagName in the project's "Tags" page on GitHub and a Release can be created based on it in the "Releases" section of the repository.

Download upstream and automatically merge local with it (fast forward)​

git pull

Download upstream without merging changes​

git fetch
note

Branches are now accessible locally and can be merged into the currrent branch.

Hooks​

Scripts triggered by certain events. These scripts take one of the names below and have to be placed in .git/hooks dir.

pre-commit
post-commit
pre-receive # Triggered when the remote receives the pushed changes
post-receive

List commits in current branch​

git log

Remove and stop tracking file​

git rm fileName
git commit -m "remove file"
echo "fileName" >> .gitignore
git commit -m "stop tracking file"

Undo changes​

Return to state of specific commit​

git reset commitID # or commitID~1 commit before commitID

Options.

  • --hard modifies Staging, History and Working Directory.
  • --mixed modifies Staging and History.
  • --soft modifies History.
  • --merge like --hard but does not affect uncommitted changes.

Push changes.

git push --force origin master
note

If forcing a push doesn't work the remote server is refusing non fast-forward pushes either via receive.denyNonFastForwards config variable or update / pre-receive hook.

Manually replace files (preserves history).

# Reset the local state.
git reset --hard 
# Copy the relevant part, e.g. the src directory.
cp -r src/ /tmp/
# Get the latest state again.
git pull
# Remove what is not needed anymore.
rm -rf src/
# Restore from the copy.
cp -r /tmp/src .
# Commit and push.
git commit -am 'Revert to commitID'
git push

Revert changes to a file if they haven’t been committed yet​

git checkout -- file

Revert everything from HEAD back to a commit without losing history​

git revert --no-commit 0766c053..HEAD # HEAD = latest commit in current branch
git commit

Stash​

Delete all elements in the stack​

git stash drop

List elements in the stack and their index​

git stash list

Restore changes from a specific element in the stack​

git stash apply --index elementIndex

Restore changes from the head of the stack and remove it from the stack​

git stash pop

Save working directory changes to the stack​

git stash
tip

push -m message can be used to add a description of the changes that are going to be stashed.